Challenges and Limitations The future of wind energy hinges on overcoming certain challenges. Due to the irregular nature of wind, as wind does not blow constantly creating unpredictable and unreliable energy generation, flexible backup systems and forecasting tools will be required (Gonzalez-Aparicio et al., 2017). These backup systems often rely on fossil fuels, undermining the impact of green energy. Large scale deployment also requires significant investment, optimal sites being remote which increases logistical costs (Edghill, 2025) and reform to simplify land use conflicts (IRENA,2023). A major limitation is the effect of wind turbines on natural life, disrupting bird and bat populations through collisions and displacement (Edghill, 2025). Visually large wind farms, alongside the low noise they emit, can lead to resistance from populations nearby, leading to delays in development.
